Burma Burma, the "Golden Land," is a mostly Buddhist country whose history can be traced back to the Neolithic era. The first known city-states emerged in central Burma around the 2nd century BC by Pyu tribes who initiated trade with India and brought Buddhism to the region. Repeated attacks by the Kingdom of Nanzhao during the 8th century AD forced the decline of the Pyu culture. By the late 9th century, Nanzhao had founded a small settlement at Pagan (Bagan). The Pagan civilization flourished throughout the 11th century, and ultimately absorbed the surrounding settlements, forming the Pagan Empire. Together with the Khmer Empire, the Pagan Empire was one of the main powers of Southeast Asia at the time, and subsequently the Burmese language and culture dominated the land. However, the Pagans were no match for Mongol invaders, and after repeated invasions the empire collapsed in 1287. The Mongols migrated out of the region sh...
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